Change matplotlib size. add_subplot(1,1,1) outside of the loop.

seed(12) fig, ax = plt. The easiest way is to add this: plt. bar # Jul 4, 2018 · Try this: import matplotlib as plt. define the dpi while saving the figure plt. set_scale() to force a true 1-on-x output. An arrow pointing from the text to the annotated quiver([X, Y], U, V, [C], **kwargs) X, Y define the arrow locations, U, V define the arrow directions, and C optionally sets the color. width and length. jpg') For globally setting title and label sizes, mpl. – Dilawar Commented Mar 12, 2015 at 11:41 Aug 24, 2020 · In Matplotlib all the diagrams are created at a default size of 6. See Text alignment. random. figure(figsize = (16,8)) to change figure size of a single plot and with up to two subplots. Longer answer: with a plt. png', dpi=100). How to make plot larger Python Jupyter notebook. 28k 25 74 78. (arguments inside figsize lets to modify the figure size) To change figure size of more subplots you can use plt. Parameters: Nov 11, 2021 · However, the figure size has not changed, which means the existing 4 plots will be automatically scaled to fill the space. Simply move the above line before the call to scatter and things will work as you want. linspace(-2, 2, 100) r = z**2 97. You can also use rcParams to change the font family globally. subplot(121) plt. pyplot as plt ## Create a new figure fig = plt. This option is passed on to set_xlim and set_ylim. figure. If a parameter is not set, the corresponding property of the formatter is left unchanged. answered Oct 7, 2021 at 6:56. figure (This is exactly equivalent to the snippet above): import matplotlib Jan 9, 2024 · Increase or Decrease the Plot Size in Matplotlib. Unset parameters are left unmodified; initial values are given by rcParams["figure. rcParams['font. pyplot as plt. In figsize, the 10 is for breadth and 5 is for height. Make a step plot. pyplot as plt import matplotlib as mpl from prettyplotlib import brewer2mpl import numpy as np import prettyplotlib as ppl np. Create a Line2D instance with x and y data in sequences of xdata, ydata. Example 1: Changing both axis label. subplot(121). Arrow length. rc('font', size=SMALL_SIZE) # controls default text sizes plt. def plot(dpi): fig, ax=plt. rcParams['ytick. subplots(2,2,figsize=(10,10)) when creating subplots. e. figure(figsize=(width,height)) One can change the base of the logarithm X axis <matplotlib. Similarly, to change figure format we simply change extension of image file in the savefig() method. 5x the inter-quartile range (IQR) from the box. In this example, we are plotting a ReLU function graph with fontsize=40. gcf() ## Set figure size to 18. rcParams contains axes. bar (x=df. subplot(122) to be half as wide as plt. This can lead to unexpected behavior where interactive figures will look fine on the screen, but will save incorrectly. rc('ytick', labelsize=20) This will be sufficient for your current code as there is only one plot. Any or all of x, y, s, and c may be masked arrays, in which case all masks will be combined and only unmasked points will be plotted. The simplified version of the code is pasted below. png', dpi=100) In this code snippet, the gcf plt. 5*plotsToPlot)) where plotsToPlot is the number of subplots on one figure. dpi means "dot per inch". step. linewidth'] = 2. You can also let the axes scale and only set the equal aspect to the data, plt. set_size(40). titlesize and axes. errorbar. figure(figsize=(10, 1. titleweight"] (default: 'normal') are ignored in this case. Font size in matplotlib. labelsize']=8 Finally, if this is a setting that you would like to be set for all your matplotlib plots, you could also set these two rcParams in your matplotlibrc file: May 3, 2015 · You can change the size of the symbol in the legend using the markerscale keyword. You could also adjust the line width after you draw your pie chart: from matplotlib import pyplot as plt. I have about 40 pdf files. barh # This is the pyplot wrapper for Figure. Figure. 25. Arrow shape. As an example, to get and set the size of a Matplotlib plot: import matplotlib. step #. Plot larger points on bottom and smaller on top. These are stored in a dictionary named rcParams. With plt. Parameters: matplotlib. 5, transparent=True, dpi=300) I have tried dpi=100, dpi=600 with no change. rcParams["font. This method uses a standard plot with a step drawstyle: The x values are the reference positions and steps matplotlib. The figsize attribute allows us to specify the width and height of a figure in-unit inches. scatter. Jul 25, 2010 · To make it work, you need to change the figsize e. #. plt(kind='line', figsize=(10, 5)) After that, the plot will be done and the size increased. There are various ways to plot multiple sets of data. colorbar. It is mostly meant to add some text in table form on an existing plot. labelsize']=8 plt. For the current style settings, see Axis. The plot function will be faster for scatterplots where markers don't vary in size or color. “axes. How to insert value in numpy ndArray? 0. savefig(, dpi='figure') to use the dpi value set at figure creation. pyplot as plt #create bar chart plt. get_tick_params. 10. Also the SciPy Cookbook has an entry on changing image size which contains a section about multiple images per figure. So the figure y-size (height) is increased and the y-size of the axes is decreased equally. You can use plt. gmds. If I understood your question correctly, you are trying to change the font size not the axis or legend, but on the actual values that are written on the bars. ylabel('ylabel', fontsize=16) fig. Configure the ScalarFormatter used by default for linear Axes. set_xticks() and ax. grid() with the correct keywords. Set a title for the Axes. subplots(figsize=(10,5)), dataset2. xaxis. set_figheight() を set_figwidth() および set_size_inches() メソッドと一緒に使用して、Matplotlib で図のサイズを変更できます。. normal Increase the display size of image in matplotlib. figure(figsize=[10,5]) after you created the plot just creates a new plot. This size can be changed by using the Figsize method of the respective figure. mplot3d. figure and ax = fig. Now we will see how to change the size of the axis labels:. I would like to have direct control of the size of the subplot in this figure. I think the default is 12. This gives the amount of space the axes (and other elements) have inside the figure. MATPLOTLIB - Increase May 6, 2017 · 5. In this way you can switch easily between different styles by simply changing the imported style sheet. rc('xtick', labelsize=20) matplotlib. To reduce the overall size of the figure simply do fig = plt. 3224 How do I change the size of figures drawn with Matplotlib? 3217 Nov 2, 2023 · Original Answer: Here's an example of a routine that will adjust the subplot parameters so that you get the desired aspect ratio: import matplotlib. rc('axes', titlesize=SMALL_SIZE) # fontsize of the axes title plt. Method 1: Resizing color-bar using shrink keyword argument. suptitle('fig title', size = 80) ax. subplots_adjust #. * The set_figwidth () method. Aug 30, 2021 · In today’s short guide we will discuss a few possible ways for adjusting the size of the generated plots. 5, 10. See set_position for more information. Jan 24, 2018 · This line isn't doing what you think it is. I have two plots import matplotlib. This gives a larger (overall) output image, but the axes area will still be the same size. title() method to assign a title to a plot, so in order to change the font size, we are going to use the font size argument of the pyplot. Call the functions ax. By default, this draws the data markers/lines as well as the errorbars. Thanks. figure(1, figsize=(12,2)) and then adjust the margins and spacings using plt. How is it possible to change the width of errorbars too? I'm using matplotlib. 0, 10. fig, axes = plt. subplots (2, 2, figsize=(10,7)) #specify individual sizes for subplots fig, ax = plt. They can be placed at arbitrary positions. rcParams['legend. Stacked bars can be achieved by passing individual bottom values per bar. 22. Jun 17, 2011 · There is a simpler way actually. figsize. Note that if cax is specified, it determines the size of the colorbar, and shrink and aspect are ignored. figure() Using set_size_inches() by modifying rcParams['figure. The size of the plot figure is stored with the key figure. Most of the concepts and parameters of plot can be used here as well. set_ylabel("test y", size = 35) for i in range(8): y Aug 30, 2012 · import matplotlib. ylabel('Example', fontsize=40). 8 for the height (in inches). 5x10. labelsize : medium # fontsize of the x any y labels. Thank you for your help! fig, ax = plt. Whether to use scientific notation. This is the pyplot wrapper for axes. Spines are the lines connecting the axis tick marks and noting the boundaries of the data area. legend without any arguments and without setting the labels manually will result in a UserWarning and an empty legend being drawn. aspect ratio. fig, ax = plt. Add text to the Axes. cb. color'] = 'r'. fontsize'] = 10 fig = plt. title(label, fontdict=None, loc=None, pad=None, *, y=None, **kwargs) [source] #. Set one of the three available Axes titles. errorbar(x,y, yerr=[y1,y2], First the big ones: You are creating a new figure and a new axes in every iteration of your loop → put fig = plt. Apr 5, 2023 · For the size you can include the keyword markerscale=## in the call to legend and that will make the markers How to change the font size on a matplotlib plot. Specific artists can be excluded from the automatic legend element selection by using a label starting with an underscore, "_". labelsize’] = 12. edited Sep 10, 2013 at 1:11. subplots() # We change the fontsize of minor ticks label. The tick_params method can change the properties of ticks: length. If mappable is a ContourSet, its extend kwarg is included automatically. Using the shrink attribute of colorbar () function we can scale the size of the colorbar. The position of the right edge of the subplots, as May 9, 2021 · I don't know how idiomatic this is, but I adjusted this for my jupyter notebook to get it to work: import matplotlib. plot([2,4,1,5], label="Label") A line - the line can have both a solid linestyle connecting all the vertices, and a marker at each vertex. We can also change Matplotlib plot size by setting figsize in the figure() method and rcParams. How to change the size of figures drawn with matplotlib? To have the plots of a specific size in matplotlib, you can pass the figure size to the figsize parameter of matplotlib pyplot’s figure() function or specify the default figure size via rcParams. fig = plt. answered Mar 16, 2015 at 10:46. For example, the following code will increase the size of the legend by 10 points: plt. # We prepare the plot. figure(figsize=(5,5)) ax = fig. If fontproperties is given the default values for font size and weight are taken from the FontProperties defaults. The default figure size is (6. I need to compare plots and they should all be at the same size, i. gca(). labelsize. pyplot as plt mpl. Aug 26, 2022 · As we use matplotlib. tick_params(axis='both', **kwargs) [source] #. plt. auto_set_font_size(False) fixed it. No matter how big I allow the whole figure to be, the subplots always seem to be small. Jan 17, 2021 · The support for table in matplotlib is rather elementary. subplots(dpi=dpi) ax. [name]"]. tick_params. Aug 24, 2012 · The size of the plot can be changed by setting the dynamic rc settings of Matplotlib. axes. figsize'] Additionally, we will discuss how to resize a figure using a factor/ratio of the existing I am doing some plotting using cartopy and matplotlib, and I am producing a few images using the same set of points with a different domain size shown in each image. In this article, you'll learn how to change the plot size using the following: * The figsize () attribute. boxplot. It might be nice the have a figure or axes property like . But defining the conversion factor may feel a little tedious for quick iterations. annotate(text, xy, xytext=None, xycoords='data', textcoords=None, arrowprops=None, annotation_clip=None, **kwargs) [source] #. Jan 12, 2023 · When creating plots using Matplotlib, you get a default figure size of 6. Changing the default rcParams. pi, 4 * np. tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=10) ax. pi, 100) z = np. Calling plt. , one can create "stepped" lines in various styles. By using Figsize, you can change both of these values. I've got the following code: I've tried using the two following bits of code to increase the size of my chart: but neither of them have worked. colorbar (mappable=None, shrink=scale) Basically, we are multiplying by some factor to the original size of the color-bar. size parameter in the matplotlibrc/in the global matplotlib rcParams which is generally a nice way to set your layout because it will then be the same for all plots. Related questions. Thanks for that, Ben. pyplot. See Discrete distribution as horizontal bar chart. 0. If you don't need to differentiate between the X and Y axes, or major and minor ticks, use tick_params: tick_size = 14. 5 inches fig. set_size_inches; Whether observers are notified of the axis limit change. 0. Then, you learned how to use the figure object functions, set_figheight() and set_figwidth() functions to change the size of a Matplotlib plot. family"] = "cursive". You can change the tick size using: font_size = 14 # Adjust as appropriate. savefig('filename. 915. For example, ax. Tick properties that are not explicitly set using the keyword arguments remain unchanged unless reset is True. rcParams['figure. x, y define the data locations, xerr, yerr define the errorbar sizes. set_aspect('equal', adjustable='datalim') Finally plotting the subplots beneath each other makes them bigger as well. A complete list of params can be found here. axes. subplots (1, 2, gridspec_kw={' width_ratios ': [3, 1]}) The following examples show how to use this syntax in practice. Example: >>> plot(x1, y1, 'bo') >>> plot(x2, y2, 'go') Copy to clipboard. linspace(-4 * np. add_subplot(1,1,1) outside of the loop. def adjustFigAspect(fig,aspect=1): '''. To try to troubleshoot I found in matplotlib. Jan 30, 2023 · Matplotlib で図の形式を変更する. style. title() method in the matplotlib module. See Stacked bar chart. A: To change the size of the legend in Matplotlib, you can use the `legend ()` function’s `fontsize` parameter. The relevant documentation is here. legend (fontsize=10) You can also use the `bbox_to_anchor` parameter to specify the location of the legend. subplots(figsize=( 12, 8 )) x = range ( 1, 11 ) y = [i** 2 for i in x] z = [i** 3 for i in x] Mar 16, 2015 · 67. Change the Size of Figures using set_figheight () and set_figwidth () Jul 15, 2021 · You can use the following syntax to adjust the size of subplots in Matplotlib: #specify one size for all subplots fig, ax = plt. subplots(5, 5, figsize=(12, 10)) plt. axes() you are creating a new axes again. To change this behavior see the scale and scale_units parameters. Jan 10, 2024 · Change Plot Size in Matplotlib in Python. A larger figure size will allow for longer texts, more axes or more ticklabels to be shown. Specifically, we will discuss how to do so: Using matplotlib. Jun 24, 2022 · In this tutorial, you learned how to change the figure size of a Matplotlib plot. 8 inches. set_size_inches(18. If you want to change the tick size for all figures in the script you are running, you need to add the following at the top of your code: import matplotlib. rc('xtick',labelsize=8) plt. 4. Here's how to use this function: import matplotlib. item, height=df. The question is, why did it need to be done in one script but not another? It was not set to true anywhere, and true does not appear to be the default. edited Sep 13, 2021 at 8:09. Jul 15, 2022 · In the code below, we modify a number of different font sizes belonging to different parts of our data visualization: # Changing the Font Size Using rcParams import matplotlib. savefig('test. Plot y versus x as lines and/or markers with attached errorbars. import matplotlib. The default position is ('outward',0). (From the page): axes. For example: import matplotlib. Example 1: Change the font size of the Title in a Matplotlib. The box extends from the first quartile (Q1) to the third quartile (Q3) of the data, with a line at the median. Set variable point size in matplotlib. labelsize” effects the axes labels, not the labels for the ticks. Jan 3, 2021 · Let’s see it one by one. show(). # This will change to your computer's default cursive font. The default settings auto-scales the length of the arrows to a reasonable size. Don't use the Locators. subplots(1) fig. matplotlib. After importing the file we can use the Matplotlib library, but remember to use it as plt: df. The text of the annotation. table the method get_fontsize(). gca(projection='3d') theta = np. An arrow pointing from the text to the annotated point xy can then be added by defining arrowprops. g. Because of the default rcParams['figure. sales) By default, Matplotlib uses a width of 0. However, we can use the width argument to specify a different value: However, usually it is simplest to use tick_params to change all the objects at once. figure(figsize=(5,5)) Apr 6, 2017 · Announcing a change to the data-dump process. Explicitly listing the artists and labels in the legend. How to zoom_in 3D plot. The axis to configure. The extent can change due to any changes in the transform stack, such as changing the Axes limits, the figure size, or the canvas used (as is done when saving a figure). Nov 3, 2010 · Global default colors, line widths, sizes etc, can be adjusted with the rcParams dictionary: import matplotlib. subplot. Optionally, the text can be displayed in another position xytext . 8) inches in matplotlib 2. Note that dmainz's answer 's answer does a similar thing but it works by setting the width and height separately; this method sets them both in one function call. Ffisegydd. It also can control the tick labels: labelsize Aug 18, 2016 · I have to change the size of the markers in my plot (making them bigger). figure(figsize=(8,8), dpi=80), you can get a 640x640 figure in the following ways: Pass the dpi='figure' keyword argument to plt. ticker. rcParams['xtick. yaxis. Plotting multiple sets of data. savefig('figure. Jul 14, 2016 · There a two things you can do here. Syntax : matplotlib. tick_params(size=tick_size) If you want to change the size of the tick labels, then you want this: label_size = 14. You don't want to change the figure size. use. You want to modify “xtick. Also take a look at this question. Jun 16, 2019 · This is the code to save the plot as pdf. set_size_inches How to change the font size on a matplotlib plot. dpi'] = 100 , one can mentally divide the needed pixel value by 100 [ 1 ] : matplotlib. Another way to change the visual appearance of plots is to set the rcParams in a so-called style sheet and import that style sheet with matplotlib. In reverse this means that you can set the axes size by setting the figure size taking into acount the figure spacings: """ w, h: width, height in inches """. subplots_adjust(). A dict of font properties. A string starting with an underscore is the default label for all artists, so calling Axes. subplot(122) I want plt. Shaido. Change the appearance of ticks, tick labels, and gridlines. text. annotate. direction (in or out of the frame) colors. axes3d import Axes3D from mpl_toolkits. Feb 2, 2024 · We could use the set_figheight() along with set_figwidth() and set_size_inches() methods to change Matplotlib plot size. ticklabel_format. scatter(x, y) plt. size'] = 6. set_title('axes title', size = 50) for tick in ax. Jul 30, 2014 · How to change the font size on a matplotlib plot. pop() makes the code difficult to reason about. . Jan 8, 2017 · I wonder how to set the size of the subplot when figure contains multiple subplots (5 × 2 in my case). rcParams [‘axes. 8 . The saved figure width will be 1000 (10x100) and the height will be 500 (5x100). ax. savefig(filename, bbox_inches="tight", pad_inches=0. Additionally, the drawing of the solid line is influenced by the drawstyle, e. Returns: Dec 4, 2017 · How to change the font size on a matplotlib plot. %matplotlib inline. Jan 3, 2021 · Output . Draw a box and whisker plot. By default, they are “medium”, but you can use a number for it as well. A style sheets looks the same as a matplotlibrc file, but in a style sheet you can May 10, 2012 · To change the random number, you can experiment with np. rcParams["figure. 1. 5) ## Save the figure fig. The position of the left edge of the subplots, as a fraction of the figure width. 4 for the width and 4. Hope this helps. figure(figsize=(20,20)) Instead of adjusting the size of the existing plot, it's creating a new figure with a size of 20x20. If we want to change the font size of the axis labels, we can use the parameter “fontsize” and set it your desired number. rc('xtick', labelsize Oct 25, 2012 · set the figure width and height in inches through plt. titlesize"] (default: 'large') and rcParams["figure. 4 x 4. subplots_adjust. Feb 2, 2013 · Annotation objects define a set_size() method, which can be called if the fontsize of a specific annotation needs to be changed after the plot is made. figure(figsize=(20,20)) matplotlib. Apr 22, 2015 · To change the size of your pie chart/figure, you could insert the following two lines right above plt. 2. The following is the syntax: import matplotlib. How do I set the figure title and axes labels font size? 0. Short answer: use plt. Also see Relationship between dpi and figure size. set_fontsize(60) ax. Use fmt='none' to draw errorbars without any data markers. Quick interactive work is usually rendered to the screen, making pixels a good size of unit. rc('axes', labelsize=MEDIUM_SIZE) # fontsize of the x and y labels plt. I just found: import matplotlib. rcParams['text. Stacked bars can be achieved by passing individual left values per bar. Adjust the subplot parameters so that the figure has the correct. Is there a straightforward way to set the height Note. ScalarFormatter object at Sep 11, 2018 · Another option, if you want to set the figure size after creating the figure, is to use fig. The axis to which the parameters are applied. from mpl_toolkits. This comment and suggestion table. figure(figsize=(5,2)) matplotlib. This can be achieved by an attribute of Matplotlib known as figsize. figure() メソッドで figsize を設定し、 rcParams を設定することで、Matplotlib で図のサイズを変更することもでき Aug 13, 2009 · Do you mean changing the size of the image or the area that is visable within a plot? The size of a figure can be set with Figure. This is especially useful if the plot with the annotations are created using an external library such as scikit-learn, statsmodels etc. Only major ticks are affected. As my domain size gets bigger, the size of each plotted point remains fixed, so eventually as I zoom out, things get scrunched up, overlapped, and generally messy. if not ax: ax=plt. , starting in the same point and ending at same size. label. The whiskers extend from the box to the farthest data point lying within 1. mplot3d import proj3d import matplotlib as mpl import numpy as np import matplotlib. show() Another plot is . titlesize : large # fontsize of the axes title. Axes. 5, fontsize=12) will reduce the symbol size by a factor 2. tick_params(labelsize=label_size) answered Mar 13, 2019 at 2:06. pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline plt. labelsize”. AutoLocator object at 0x7f34575c6930> <matplotlib. Examples using matplotlib. set_size_inches(10, 5). set_figsize_inches. bar(ax=ax). Dec 8, 2014 · example: import matplotlib. Jan 7, 2015 · For changing the size of the Axes (I believe that's what you mean by 'chart'), the position keyword is what you're looking for if you use add_subplot, or just the input parameter if you use add_axes. ax. In the simplest form, the text is placed at xy. You learned how to change the size of a plot using the figsize= parameter. Jul 7, 2017 · The axes size is determined by the figure size and the figure spacings, which can be set using figure. rcParams['lines. pyplot as plt plt. Also other attributes can be added to the plot too. Mar 13, 2019 · 1. figsize'] = (20. Example 1 Oct 14, 2021 · Matplotlib drawing shows too small, change dimensions or size of matplotlib plots. rc('ytick',labelsize=8) Or, equivalently: plt. 0) – brycemcd Nov 11, 2023 · The size of these plots can also be changed by changing the size of the underlying matplotlib figure that contains this Axes using set_size_inches(). Changing the fontsize matplotlib. This parameter is governed under the rcParams attribute of the figure. Annotate the point xy with text text. Adjust the subplot layout parameters. Increasing the label size in matplotlib in pie chart If ‘figure’ it will set the dpi to be the value of the figure. 519. There are various ways we can use those steps to set size of plot in Matplotlib in Python: Using set_figheight () and set_figwidth () Using figsize. The most convenient is to set the global font. tick_params here for more parameters that can be modified. show() And I wish the they be at the same ratio None or dict, optional. If you are using the 'pylab' for interactive plotting you can set the labelsize at creation time with pylab. plot. The available titles are positioned above the Axes in the center, flush with the left edge, and flush with the right edge. pyplot as plt I need to change the size of the delimiters of a scatter plot. The most straight forward way is just to call plot multiple times. tick_params(labelsize=font_size) See the docs for ax. Axes. 4, 4. The shrink kwarg provides a simple way to scale the colorbar with respect to the Axes. pyplot as plt SMALL_SIZE = 8 MEDIUM_SIZE = 10 BIGGER_SIZE = 12 plt. Add the text s to the Axes at location x, y in data coordinates, with a default horizontalalignment on the left and verticalalignment at the baseline. If x and/or y are 2D arrays, a separate data set will be drawn for every column. savefig: Jul 25, 2017 · There are actually multiple ways to set font-sizes in matplotlib. and whether the ticks are drawn at the bottom, top, left, or right of the Axes. However, the size of those pdf slightly varies from 10:35 x 8:36 to almost 10:47x 8:47 inches. For all backends, the window size is controlled by the figsize argument. I am talking of the size of the page itself not Jun 13, 2017 · You can still make the figure larger, e. gca() Feb 2, 2023 · import matplotlib. You specify it as [left, bottom, width, height]. labelsize” or “ytick. Call signatures: This is just a thin wrapper around plot which changes some formatting options. You want to change the dpi (dots per inch). If you use pyplot programmatically you can either set the fontsize on creation with ax. legend( scatterpoints=1, loc='best', ncol=1, markerscale=0. set_ylabel('Example', fontsize=40) or afterwards with ax. show() If you're creating the figure and subplots separately, you can specify the size to plt. get_major_ticks(): tick. tick_params(axis='both', which='minor', labelsize=8) This only answers to the size of label part of your . The saved figure size will be 1000x500 in pixels. This will change all elements' font sizes (though only of those that Dec 4, 2017 · Figure size (figsize) determines the size of the figure in inches. The list of matplotlib's font family arguments is here. gcf(). Spines are subclasses of Patch, and inherit much of their behavior. Using . Jun 7, 2023 · The Matplotlib library provides the set_size_inches() function to make this possible. text(x, y, s, fontdict=None, **kwargs) [source] #. plot=ax. If you are a control freak like me, you may want to explicitly set all your font sizes: import matplotlib. qz vj qx rd rc ib zq iq qw bk  Banner