Research topic for mba finance students. Aug 20, 2021 · MBA Finance Project Topics for Final Year.

Before working on your projects it is important to do ample research to find the best topic that aligns with your interest. Middle Eastern Political Situation. Takeaway. Financial modeling is a pivotal skill in finance. Finance is a vast field and can be attached with banking and accounting as major subjects. 10 Business Finance Topics. Jul 4, 2024 · Barring corporates, a crisis can strike any business at any time and bailing out of that crisis is the responsibility of the business leadership. One of the key findings from the research was that research topics selected by MBA students are based on the topical issues highlighted in the business world. Many of the proposed Feb 8, 2024 · Project Topics for MBA in Finance. com Staff. These subjects are Micro Economics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Principles of Accounting, Principles of Marketing Management, Tools and Frameworks for Decision Making, Quantitative Methods and Statistics, Business Communication And Soft skills, and Organizational Behaviour-1. Business Management. Hopefully, these marketing thesis topics will help you come up with a few topics of your own. The success of a firm can be significantly impacted by its branding. This sector is one of the competitive sectors in India with cutthroat Dec 1, 2014 · Most of the research on the topic/area till today is descriptive rather than empirical. Explain how governments raise money through borrowing. Nonprofit Marketing. Democracy imposed. Study of Consumer Behaviour at Different Stages of the Lifecycle of a Product. Direct Marketing. B. Updated October 20, 2022. Impact of Social Media on the Performance of Online Businesses in South Africa. Impact of Interest Rates on the Stock Market. Course Branch. In this comprehensive guide, MBA students will embark on a journey through the realm of thesis topics, gaining invaluable insights into the art Jul 9, 2024 · Money Isn’t Everything: The Dos and Don’ts of Motivating Employees. The field of financial management offers a vast array of research paper topics. 2 Equal Employment Opportunity HR Research Topics. Corporate finance research topics broadly cover areas like tools for risk management, trend research in advanced finance, physical and electronic techniques in securities markets, research trends in advance finance, investment analysis, and management of government debt. A study Online-Sales and offline Sales. Employer Branding. . 20 Jun 2023. Certified Information Systems Auditor. “The Influence of Advertising on consumer Buying Behaviour”. 1. 8. 4 Interesting financial topics about taxes. General Management Project Topics for MBA. “DEALARSHIP SATISFACTION” (With reference TO PEARAL BOTTLING PVT LTD) “BRAND AWARENWESS OF DOMINOES PIZZAS IN RAJAHUMDRY”. Human Resources is one of the most popular and essential topics for the business minded. To ensure you stay ahead in the game, we've compiled a list of MBA finance topics for a paper to research. May 20, 2024 · Top Finance Project Ideas & Topics For Students & Beginners. MBA in Marketing is a highly diverse field that includes advertising, sales, communications, press releases, SEO, social media and many more Here are few Best Mba Internship Report Topics: Study on Customer satisfaction of the Service provided by Airbub. Impact of privatization on of banks Jun 20, 2022 · Research Topics for International Research in Finance. Remarks – Branding can have a huge impact on a company’s success. Insurance. Mar 26, 2024 · The five Business Models for the Circular Economy, as identified by Lacy et al. Aug 7, 2023 · A finance dissertation is a type of writing that mainly investigates a wide range of financial topics that includes healthcare, banking, risk management, the stock market, etc. Investment and financial products become a common and important factor | Find, read and cite all the research you 2 days ago · MBA students must showcase a deep understanding of finance principles and an aptitude for critical thinking. That is why; students also search for dissertation topics in banking and finance and dissertation topics for accounting and finance. This topic teaches students how to construct and use advanced financial models for project evaluation, investment analysis, and decision making. . Here is our best list of top-rated MBA financial topics to write about in 2023, which will generate more passion for a debate: Evaluate the effect of the Global crisis to use the line of credit in maintaining cash flow. Reuse and redistribute. The current political and economic changes in America. Jan 11, 2019 · In brief, financial analysis is the process of selection, relation and evaluation. Banking. Oct 16, 2023 · MBA Finance Project Topics. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance – The Importance of a Strong Brand Image. Impact of digital technology on the retail industry. MBA Marketing Titles/Topics for MBA mini projects. Operations Management. Cybersecurity strategies in the age of global connectivity. Big data analytics and its implications for strategic decision-making. NISM Certifications. Dec 1, 2023 · 35 MBA Marketing Research Topics. This complex discipline touches every aspect of business operations, influencing strategic planning, decision-making, and organizational growth. A Detailed Study on the Changing Consumer Behaviour in a Company. A well-chosen project topic not only demonstrates the student's expertise but also contributes to the Nov 28, 2014 · It would be prudent to base your MBA dissertation topic on the most common components or subject areas of an MBA degree; Accounting. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Green Initiatives. Aug 3, 2023 · #muradlearnersacademy #mbaresearchtopics #mbatopics #researchtopicsformbastudents #mbathesistopics #mbaprojecttopics . Sources of Energy. Discover the top 10 MBA finance project topics in 2023: 1. The following corporate finance topics will surely minimize any risk of The results can be utilised to complete a mini-dissertation. Summer Internship Project Report on Digital Marketing Pdf. Aug 20, 2021 · MBA Finance Project Topics for Final Year. Mar 4, 2024 · Table of Contents. com. In MBA Finance 1. Jan 2, 2023 · List of Dissertation Topics For MBA Marketing. 4. Chartered Financial Analyst. HR Policies & Implementation. Information Technology Management. Ethics or profits – Dilemma for accountants. Choose from our list of dissertation topics related to investment banking & cryptocurrency, etc. Advertising. Financial Risk Management. Based on the research gap, a research proposal is endorsed for further study. The impact of cloud computing on business operations. List of Top 10 MBA Finance Project Topics. Anyone can use these topics by doing some amendments according to their requirements. As the concept of corporate governance has emerged, the scope and area for research have increased. Here are some of the most interesting and helpful finance related project ideas you can use: 1. Share it on: Top finance project topics for students include a comparison of the BSE and NASDAQ stock exchanges, Bank Fraud Detection Systems, Public and Wealth Management, and Uber Investment Management. Evaluating the factors that impact Jan 5, 2022 · PDF | In the current context the research takes on modern forms of investment. Feb 28, 2020 · Don't worry if this sounds daunting—we're here to help! In this post, we'll explore 50 intriguing MBA research topic examples across various disciplines, from finance and marketing to HR and strategic management. Topic 3: The role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in SCM (Supply Chain Management) Topic 4: TQM (Total Quality Management) as a competitive advantage. Jun 29, 2024 · Here are some of the best marketing topics for MBA project. (Khan, M Y, 2007). 6 Other financial research paper topics. Corporate governance refers to the code of conduct for global business corporations. Marketing. Summer Internship Project Report on Social Media Marketing for Jan 4, 2023 · International Business Dissertation Topics For 2024. 11 Personal Finance Topics. There While working on these kinds of research topics in finance, you will gain knowledge of many leadership styles such as autocratic, coaching, authoritative, and the like. Comparative Analysis of IFRS Adoption and Financial Reporting Quality. 6 Public Finance Topics. Three of them did their mini-dissertation on family Oct 17, 2023 · Moreover, we have presented an exciting array of 18+ MBA HR project topics tailor-made for students in 2023. Complete Projects Synopsis and Report - Soft-copy in your email-id (online) Call Us. 4 Research Topics for Finance Students. Marketing Planning & Forecasting. Dec 25, 2023 · Retail Management: Impact of the showrooming behavior on a retail store’s bottom line. Guide. 5 Interesting topics in finance of enterprises. Risk Assessment in Business. Oct 30, 2022 · Enough of the long talk, let's look at ten (10) topics to consider for your MBA or MSC research project. It works in various fields like investment banking, taxation, tax planning, financial account reporting and analysis, hedge fund management, international finance, asset finance, and insurance management. A study on Analysis of customer satisfaction. Selecting the right project topic is crucial for MBA HR students as it sets the foundation for their research and academic endeavours. Employee Relationship Management. We provide you with a list of corporate governance Apr 10, 2024 · MBA finance projects typically involve conducting research, analyzing data, making financial recommendations, and presenting findings to stakeholders. by. Our Standards Are The Basis Of Everything We Do. It covers various modeling techniques, including sensitivity and scenario analysis. Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Firm’s Profitability. In the last two years, five MBA students achieved their MBA degrees with distinction. The finance sector is highly diversified but also linked to the core knowledge. The other substantial finding is the area of management research and research techniques. Examining the factors affecting stock market volatility. Paper type: Review based Research Projects for Those Pursuing an MBA in Finance. Empowering Women Through Microfinance. Explain the human reaction to using credits for buying things; Structure of financial reports for non-profitable organizations. Understanding the Essentials. It is an ever-evolving field which lies at the very foundation of all business organisations. Investment Portfolio Optimization. Standards are broadly-based knowledge and skill statements that identify what students should know and be able to do as a result of instruction. Human Resources is a versatile field. Choose a topic that aligns with your passion and career goals to maintain motivation throughout the project. By selecting relevant, impactful topics Dynamic topic networks to evaluate systemic risk in financial markets. Data Analysis and Interpretation. Globalization and Religion. 3. Analysis of Satisfaction Level of Employees in The Telecom Sector. The impact of financial reporting on investor decisions in the stock market. Product Design & Positioning. Project Topic 2: Change Management Strategies for Successful Organizational Transformation. “The Influence of Advertising on children and its impact on buying Behaviour”. An analysis of the effect of tax policies on small business owners. What causes changes in stock market. 1/12/2021 MBA Finance Thesis Topics List PDF Select May 17, 2023 · MBA finance projects provide a great opportunity for students to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical settings to have an overall better understanding of finance-related topics and concepts. From finance and marketing to sustainability and entrepreneurship, the landscape of business offers a multitude of avenues for academic inquiry and practical application. View MBA Finance Thesis Topics List PDF. Marketing & Content Strategy, Brand Positioning & promotions that made Vodafone ZooZoo extremely popular and a Key Contributor to Vodafone’s Growth. Following is the list of marketing dissertation topics which can be also be termed as marketing research topics, marketing project topics, marketing thesis topics etc. Your research topic can be on anything, from consumer behavior to digital marketing to management, provided it relates to business. Finance Management Project. Grievance Redressal. Discuss options for investment in the shipping industry in the US. 3 World finance research paper topics. Because business transactions are taking place globally, and local commerce is no longer the only alternative, it is essential to study international business. Challenges faced by e-commerce industry for small businesses. 3 Career Development HR Research Topics. Updated on April 25, 2024. Whistleblowing vs profits in the company. The role of the stock market in economic development. Important finance project topics for students studying finance include Portfolio Analysis Tools, Mobile Budgeting Here are some Business Analytics project topics that MBA students can consider for their projects: A study on sustainable business models across consumer AI startups in India. Maintain, share, and lease. Jun 29, 2024 · The realm of business research topics for MBA students is diverse, dynamic, and ripe with opportunities for exploration and innovation. Here are 15 popular business related research topics. Topics for a Master’s in Finance Capstone Project. Topic 1: Analysing the Impact of Breastfeeding Promotion Initiatives on Infant Health, Maternal Well-being, and Healthcare Costs: A Global Health Management Perspective. Brian Hall shares four research-based incentive strategies—and three perils to avoid—for leaders trying to engage the post-pandemic workforce. Strategic Risk Management. Aug 21, 2019 · An MBA Course in Finance starts multiple possibilities for students in the financial world. A study on the impact of electronic payment systems on financial inclusion in developing countries. For a limited time, many course guides are available free of charge, thanks to the generosity of the Daniels Fund. Students pursuing MBA with finance as major usually find it difficult to choose dissertation topics for MBA finance. So, confidently embark on your HR journey, armed with the knowledge of MBA HR project topics, and make the most of this educational experience. Let us carefully examine some factors that should From selecting a relevant topic to conducting thorough research, writing, and final proofreading, we handle every aspect of your Final Year MBA Finance project. Nov 14, 2023 · 4. Topic 2: Examining the Impact of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) on Healthcare Management. Financial Risk Management in XYZ Industry. May 10, 2019 · This topic for research is perfectly suitable for students studying finance as an MBA major. Relevance. Data Collection. While capstones address practical business problems, thesis projects draw on original research to contribute new knowledge to the field of business. Topic 5: A Big Data Approach to Optimizing Last-Mile Delivery in Online Retail. Group Discussion (GD) is an important part of MBA Admissions and for Final Selection in SSB, Bank Officers and other Exams/Jobs. Nowadays more and more topics are connected with a list of finance project topics and […] Jul 7, 2024 · MBA in HR Top Project Ideas. MBA research assignments come in many forms, from short essays to extensive projects. Well-Researched Trending MBA Research Topics. Behavioral Finance in Investment Decision-Making. 5 HR Risk Management Topics. Jun 8, 2024 · The best business research topics are the ones that fall within the scope of your lecturer’s assignment brief. Good luck on your MBA journey! Discover 100 MBA project topics across finance, marketing, HR, operations, and entrepreneurship to boost your career prospects. Nov 29, 2023 · For Finance MBA students, embarking on research endeavors is a crucial step towards mastery. Here is the list of HR topics for project: 1. Finance and Technology. Discuss the government’s taxation practice and theory. In MBA Finance 1st Semester there are 8 subjects. by Avery Forman. Below are some MBA dissertation topics that Sep 29, 2021 · Dissertation topics on Finance For MBA. Purchasing & Materials Management. Apr 14, 2023 · Project for MBA Finance: Top Finance Research Topics for MBA Project. Blockchain Technology for Cross-Border Payments. Entrepreneurship. The below said is the list of SIP project Topics for MBA HR. Students who are interested can contact Professor Stephan van der Merwe at the NWU Business School. The Rise of Fintech in Emerging Markets. Project report on Impact of GST on the fast-moving consumer Jul 16, 2023 · Here are a few suggestions for MBA students looking for research topics in finance: Risk Management Strategies in Financial Institutions. Study on Customer satisfaction of Mama Earth. Apr 21, 2024 · Dive into MBA project topics that ignite your curiosity, challenge your intellect, and leave a lasting impression on your audience. Mar 23, 2023 · Determine ways of implementing various leadership styles in managing the diversity of culture in global business teams. Managing an organizational crisis in business is a popular business management research paper topic, especially among MBA students, PGDM, and aspiring entrepreneurs. Behavioral Finance: Understanding Investor Behavior in Volatile Markets Apr 12, 2024 · Importance of General Management Project Topics in MBA. Exploring the relationship between corporate governance and stock prices. Telecom is a crucial sector employing lakhs of employees. Generally, a group of 7-8 candidates discuss the Pros and Cons of a given Group Discussion Topic in 15-20 minutes. Plus, we'll guide you on turning a chosen topic into a research proposal, and share some inspiring success stories. Recruitment. The Jun 27, 2024 · 1 Financial research topics for college students. Recycle and upcycle. infombaprojectguru@gmail. 5 Finance Research Topics for MBA. Sustainable Finance and Green Investment. The following list of issues will undoubtedly help you brainstorm topics for your marketing dissertation. For a corporation to thrive and market itself effectively, it is essential to comprehend how to build and advertise a brand. Every student pursuing an MBA in Finance degree will Apr 24, 2023 · Here are a few project topics that you can pick: Brand Positioning Strategies of Coca Cola. Finitiatives Learning India Private Limited Courses. To analyze the relationship between Ethics and accountability in Business Administration. Now that you understand the significance of choosing a compelling topic, let's explore a diverse range of MBA finance project topics that can inspire your research journey: Corporate Finance: The Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Performance: Analyze how a company's debt-to-equity ratio affects its Aug 28, 2023 · Finance Dissertation Ideas for MBA Students. Dangling bonuses to checked-out employees might only be a Band-Aid solution. 5. 2 Interesting finance topics. pdf from BUSINESS A 710 at Institute of Public Administration and Management. Impact of high-frequency trading on financial markets. Aug 10, 2021 · Best MSW, 19th Best Arts, 21st Best Commerce, 21st Best BBA and 26th Best Science College in India. Credit: Luis Alvarez / DigitalVision / Getty Images. Determinants of Corporate Dividend Payouts. 2. Fintech companies specialise in developing software and other tools that automate banking processes and make it easier for businesses and individuals to Nov 22, 2021 · To study the connection between Accounting and Finance and how these two contribute to reputation management. 2 Jun 21, 2024 · MBA in HR Top Project Ideas. Project Topic 1: Leadership and Its Impact on Organizational Success. Email-ID. As leadership is one of the important aspects of business studies, it is one of the BBA finance project topics and finance projects for MBA students. A systematic review of Fintech developments and ramifications in Islamic Finance. Using anticipated control establishes a brand advantage, generates leads and piques customer attention. Mar 4, 2024 · Princi Rai, Mar 4, 2024. Refurbish and remanufacture. Here is the best finance research topics list to consider in this category. OnlineMBA. Check out our list of 25+ curated ideas covering performance management, diversity, recruitment, and more. Machine learning in the HR industry. This research is related to Goods and Service Tax - Title as "Impact of GST on Spending Behaviour of Consumer in India" And the main Objective was this research is to understand and analyze the relation between income and spending behavior of consumer in India & to measure the “Impact of GST on spending behavior by May 28, 2024 · Top 25+ MBA Finance Project Ideas. Blockchain and Cryptocurrency in Finance. Summer Internship Project Report on Social Media Marketing Pdf. Ensure the topic is relevant to current management practices and addresses contemporary business challenges. Learn more about effective research in this comprehensive guide. Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Jun 19, 2023 · MBA HR Project Topic Ideas. Customer satisfaction on telecom Company “Airtel”. Nov 17, 2022 · An MBA thesis functions similarly to a capstone in some regards, but the two projects maintain notable differences. Here are some of the topics that you can choose for your MBA topics:-Explain the Procedure of banks handling their cash process. Main goal of a GD is to check Communication Skills, Interpersonal Skills Mba Finance Project Topics: The dynamic field of finance offers a wealth of opportunities for in-depth study and research, particularly for MBA students looking to specialize in this area. Dec 17, 2023 · “Corporate Finance Thesis Topics for MBA Students: Exploring Financial Strategies for Business Success” Delve into the captivating world of corporate finance, where astute professionals navigate the intricate landscape of financial decision-making. 8 Healthcare Finance Research Topics. These projects provide students with an opportunity to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills while deepening their understanding of financial concepts and practices. Financial Performance Analysis of a Company. Discuss government education and austerity when it comes to finance. Personal Finance: This one-semester course develops students’ understanding and skills in areas such as setting financial goals, earning income, budgeting, spending, saving, managing credit, insurance, and investing. Impact of the coronavirus outbreak on global business operations. A study on Risk evaluation of blockchain-powered supply chain financing research. Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology: Implications for Financial Markets. 7 International Research Topics in Finance. 7 How to choose a topic for a financial research paper. Below we share ideas focused on proposal, law, ethics, marketing, management, consumer behavior, work Oct 31, 2020 · Hi I'm Rohit I am Post Graduate in Management (MBA) in Finance+Marketing. List of Human Resource Topics for (SIP) Projects in MBA HR/MPM. Investigate the rise of sustainable investment strategies and their impact on the global market. An analysis of the best strategies to introduce services in the European market. [Finance MBA Research Topics: Delving into the Intricacies of Financial Markets and Investment Strategies] offers a comprehensive guide to navigating this intricate landscape, providing invaluable insights into research methods, topic selection, and Jan 9, 2023 · Topic 2: Operation management strategies B2B and B2C business model. This article presents a comprehensive list of 300 unique MBA finance project topics, spanning various domains such as corporate finance, investment banking This document lists 100 potential topics for MBA finance projects and internships. Financial risk management is a crucial skill in the world of finance. Advanced Excel Course. 9983-090-655. The role of IT in facilitating sustainable business practices. These models include: Design for longevity. Data Science in Finance. Some illustrative topics for your dissertation could be: Role of Managers’ discretion in financial reporting. 7 Trending HR Topics. Our comprehensive services ensure that you receive a well-structured, coherent, and polished project ready for submission. Project report on analysis of working capital management at high cash burn startups in the food industry. You can outline your research topic around basics of cash management, cash managers, positive and negative cash flow, managing cash shortages, developing a cash management strategy for companies and why it's important. ZooZoo was launched in the year 2008 during the IPL and it gave the Vodafone marketing strategy a huge boost. 1 December 2023. An Exploration of the State of Ethics in UK Accounting Education. These topics which will be useful for doing the summer intern ship project (SIP) in MBA HR/MPM/ BBA and other courses. It offeris a fascinating world of study for Jul 12, 2024 · Explore 50+ best dissertation topics in Finance for research students in 2024. In general, finance writing requires extensive research, and most importantly, you should know how to persuade your readers with your arguments or points. We focus our research, curriculum and instructional materials design, and assessment activities on four business-related clusters: • Business Management. 9 Corporate Finance Topics. (2014), provide a framework for MBA graduates to explore and innovate within this space. This is undoubtedly one of the best finance projects. Factors affecting MNCs’ decision about their corporate political approach in emerging economies. Internet Marketing. Explore the fundamental principles and strategies for managing financial risks. Top 6 Certification Courses for MBA Finance Students 2023. Economics of computerized communication in the COVID-19. It creates lots of confusion in young management students to decide which field of finance that they should select for career. The role of derivatives in managing Apr 17, 2023 · 3 Interesting Finance Topics. Hence these internships will help them to have a clear picture. Merger and Acquisition Analysis. The financial industry is consistently expanding and evolving. Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst. Research projects form an integral part of an MBA programme. Free MBA. The Impact of UN Environmental Policies. 4 Research Topics on Recruitment and Selection. All the topics which are listed below FREE. Mutual Funds. The Perception of the Ethics of Tax Evasion in the United Kingdom. Financial Inclusion and Economic Development. May 20, 2022 · Information Technology Management Dissertation Topics. The said topics will be useful for students and teacher as well as research scholars. MNCs’ use of a standardised approach to business strategy. Some of the top brands like Airtel, Jio & Vodafone-Idea work in this sector. Management and globalisation governance appendix. Waste Management. The research topics on logistics management and procurement would ensure that you study in depth the importance of the procurement process. Financial performance analysis is, therefore, the process of identifying the financial Apr 9, 2024 · Financial Modeling and Decision Making. It is important for businesses to act responsibly and contribute to the betterment of society and people. May 2, 2022 · 1. The topics cover a wide range of areas in finance including futures and options markets, commodities, capital structure, mobile payments, financial inclusion programs, wealth creation, insurance, banking, investments, mutual funds, stock markets, financial planning, taxation, and more. Finance. This sector is one of the competitive sectors in India with cutthroat Best Banking And Finance Sector Research Topics For MBA Students. This section outlines major components of an MBA thesis. I have gathered a few research topics in MBA Marketing that would help you find topics for showcasing the most effective research papers. 6 Workplace Safety HR Topics. Project Topic 3: Effective Team Building and Collaboration in the Workplace. Comparative Study of Consumer Perception Towards International and Local Brands. From enriching innovative and creative thinking to deepening industrial knowledge, conducting in-depth research projects bolsters students with the right skill sets and professionalism. The Future of Banking: Fintech and Mobile Banking Finance Research Topics For MBA. Succession Planning and Management Sep 18, 2023 · Here are the top ten trending research topics to consider when you’re stuck for a topic to research and write about. Benefits of Certification Courses in MBA Finance 2023. Marketing and Media’s Influence on Teens. The world of finance is varied and robust, affecting and impacting every single industry on the planet. Power dynamics in infrastructure public-private partnerships financing. Feb 8, 2024 · As MBA students delve into the intricacies of leadership theories and practices, exploring key themes in this domain is essential. Discuss how the government uses taxation to raise revenue. A Study on Brand Awareness. Absenteeism. To excel in your MBA HR project, it’s equally crucial to be aware of and avoid common pitfalls. Of the topics selected, there is a shift in topic choice towards softer skills of business. Below, you will find a comprehensive list of financial management research paper topics, divided into 10 categories. Market Segmentation & Targeting. Nov 14, 2020 · Dissertation Topics in Healthcare Management For 2024. To explore the corporate responsibility of Business Administration. Our experts has listed the best MBA thesis topics 2022 for UK students. The areas of research are: Family businesses. This article aims to outline pivotal topics for MBA research on Oct 20, 2022 · Online Research Guide for Online MBA Students. Dec 29, 2022 · Introduction: Fintech, short for financial technology, is a rapidly growing industry that focuses on using technology to improve the efficiency of traditional banking and financial services. Feb 15, 2023 · These topics are popular since they are often studied to understand the current trends and challenges in the industry. Personal Interest. pm fo px lo cz gu tf ra vc ay